The My Delta Pi webstore

 

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Hobby and professional electronics

Welcome to this online store where you can buy hobby electronic construction kits or components for hobby electronics for a better prize than in the local stores, or find electronic components and building kits you do not find locally. Pleace click on a link to learn more or to buy. The presented products are only some of the products you can find by clicking at a link.

Further down there is also som information of data storing medai and formats.

 

 

CELL PHONES , CELL PHONE PLANS AND CELL PHONE ACCESSORIES

Cellular Factory :  Phone brands you can find: Nokia, motorola, LG Siemens, NEC, Audiovox, Dony, Kyocera, Textel, Samsung, Sony.

Here are plans from: Cingular, AT&T, Verizon, Tmobile, Sprint, Nextel.

Cell phone equipment in this shop: Antennas, batteries, faceplates, cases, chargers, keypads, holsters, covers, belt clips, headsets, data cables, memory cards, straps, ringtones, prepaid cards

 

MK Wireless:  Cell phone accessories and cell phone plans.

Here you find everything personalize,  to addapt and tp upgrade cellphones from:  Audiovox, BlackBerry, HTC, Kyocera, LG.Motorola, Nokia, Palm Treo, Pantech, Samsung, Sanyo, SideKick, Sony Ericcson, UTStarcom.

Available plans from these carriers: Boost Mobile, Cingular, T-Mobile, Nextel, Sprint, Verizon

Please click here to learn more or buy - MK Wireless

 

Pantera cell phone shop:  Here you can browse for a lot of cell phones of leading phabricates delivered by  leading carriers.

Please click here to learn more or buy - Pantera cell phone shop

 

 

ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND TOOLS

All kinds of electronic components and tools for hobby use and professional applications - By clicking at the link below, you will find all types of electronics in these cathegories:  Electronic Project Kits, Electronic Parts and Components Electronics for Kids, Test Equipment and Tools, Amateur Radio, Amplifier,Audio Equipment, Color Organs, Clock Kits, Electronic Games, Light Effects, Noise Effects, Power Supply, Radio Kits, Sensors and Remotes, Telephone Kits, Timers and Relays, Transmitter Kits, TV and Video Kits, Electronic Kits by CanaKit.

 

Electronics Kits and components - please click here

 

You will find electronic components or material of every sort in bulk or single: NTE electronic parts, capasitators, dials, knobs, diodes, relays, resistors, potetiomenters, semiconductors of every kind, transistors, diodes, thyristors, speaker wires, trimmers, hook up wire, wire ties, Heat Shrinkable Tubing - Thin Wall Polyoefin -2:1 Per Package-48in, Heat Shrinkable Tubing - Thin Wall Polyoefin -2:1 Per Package-6in, Heat Shrinkable Tubing - Dual Wall Polyoefin w/Adhesive-3:1 Per Package-6in.

Semiconductor devices available:

Diodes or diodic components of several functional and technological types:   General Purpose, Infrared Emitting, LEDs, Light Emitting, PIN, Surge Clamping, Temperature Compensating diodes (TC diodes), Varistors, Temperature Compensating varistors, Voltage Compensating varistors, Zener, Germanium diodes,  High speed CSTs, Variable Capacitance Diodes, LED indicators, Electronic Tuner Diodes.

Examples of rectifiers or rectifier modules available: Industrial rectifiers, Bridge, Dual, Positive Center Tap, Fast Recovery (Full Wave), Fast Recovery (Stud Mount), General Purpose, Germanium, High Voltage, Industrial, Microwave Oven, Schottky Barrier, Selenium, Silicon, Hockey puck rectifiers or CSRs, general purpose diodes or rectifiers, high voltage rectifiers, power block rectifiers, 3 phase bridge, Fast Recovery Recifiers like Full Wave or Stud Mount.

Transistors of many functional types and based on many types of semiconductor technology: FET (Field Effect Transistors), JFETs (N & P Channel), IGBTs, MOSFETs (N & P Channel), MOSFETs (Power), MOSFETs (Logic Level), Germanium transistors,  Bi-Polar (Selector Guide), Complementary Pairs,  Field Effect (FET), Insulated Gate Bipolar (IGBT), RF Selector Guide, Unijunction Transistors (UJT). RF Transistors, Complementary Transistors, Darlington Transistors, Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs), Programmable Unijunction Transistor (PUT).

Voltage Regulators: Positive, 3-Terminal Fixed, Positive, 3-Terminal Fixed (Low Dropout), Negative, 3-Terminal Fixed, Adjustable, Positive & Negative, TV Fixed.

Thyristors: DIACs, SBS, SCRs, SCS, SUS, TRIACs, TRIACs (High Commutation), TRIACs (Low Logic Level), TRIACs (Sensitive Gate), power block thyristors, Integrated Thyristor/Rectifier (ITRs), Bi-Directional Diode Thyristor (SIDAC).

A great range of semiconductor devices for specific functions, or auxiliary devices for semiconductor components: Opto-Coupled Isolators, Opto-Couplers, Opto-Interrupters, Opto-Isolators, Phase Control SCRs, Photo Interrupters, Phototransistor Detectors, SIDACs, Surface Mount (SMT), Surge Arresters (Gas Filled), TCOs (Thermal Cutoffs),Thermo-Pads, TRIACs (High Commutation), Sensitive Gate, Metal Oxide Varistors (MOV), varactors, Transient Suppressors like MOVs (Metal Oxide Varistors or Surge Clamping Diodes, Integrated Circuit Protectors (ICPs).

There are semiconductor devices for a lot of effect performance ranges, like:  0.3 Watt (Surface Mount),0.5 Watt (5% Tolerance), 0.5 Watt (1% Tolerance),1.0 Watt, 5.0 Watt,10 Watt, 50 Watt.

 

 

METAL DETECTORS

Here is an example of many metal detectors available. By clicking at the link, you can read more about this product example, or you can search for many other metal detector models. You can also scroll down at this page to see more selected examples of metal detectors.

MD9100 The Weekender Metal Detector from Famous Trails

MD9100 The Weekender Metal Detector from Famous Trails

All-Metal Mode detects all types of metal, Notch Mode eliminates certain metal objects Discrimination Mode displays metal types such as rings and US Coins on the console LCD displays depth of target, low battery alert, distinct tones indicating types of metals Includes headphone jack, waterproof search coil, and padded arm rest Requires two 9-volt batteries (not included)




 

ALL KINDS OF CONSUMER ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT

Ritz Camera: Digital cameras, computers, Televisions, DVD Players / Recorders, Home Audio / Video, MP3 Players / iPod Accessories, Satellite Radio, Headphones, Mobile Audio / Video, GPS / Navigation, Home Electronics, Telephones & Fax, Personal Electronics, Electronic Accessories

 

For customers in UK: All types of computer accessories, also all other types of consumer electronics, examples: Computers & Home Office RAM Office, Materials, Paper Smartcard Systems, Interface & Controller Cards, Digital Photography & Video Printers, Harddisk Drives, Graphic Cards, Cables, Hubs & Switches. Communication / Networking Drives, Burners Loudspeakers, Headsets Input Devices / Mice / Keyboards Monitors, Motherboards, Notebooks 2.5" Hard disk casing, DDR notebook memory, Notebook Accessories, PC Cabinets & Accessories, PDAs Blank Discs, Media Scanners, Memory Cards, USB Memory, Games & Games Consoles

News and bargains at Conrad-direct >>

 

Labtop batteries and accessories: Examples: Laptop Batteries, PDA Batteries, MP3 Batteries, Digital. Camera Batteries, Camcorder Batteries, Universal Batteries, AC Adapters, Car Adapters, Airplane Adapters, Universal. Adapters, Printer Power Supplies, Chargers. GPS Receivers, Sync Cords, Fiber Optic Cables, HDMI. Cables, DC-DC Plugs • RPTV Lamps, Projector Lamps, iPod Accessories, MP3 Accessories, PDA Accessories. And more.

Laptop Accessories @ Factory price - Same Day Ship

 

 

Make calls anywhere in the world for only 2 cents a minute - by mens of  1ButtonToWifi

1ButtonToWifi is a device that lets you make long distance calles to any place for this low prize. The device is easily installed in a slot on your DSL box or your data network. Then the long distance calles from your cell phone or regular phone are ruouted though the device and made for that low prize. You can also have 5 other persons using the device. There are no monthly fees or additional costs. You do not need to be near the device to make use of it. You just push a button on your cell phone or regular phone anywhere you are.

 

 

AFFORDABLE WEB HOSTING AND INTERNET SERVICES

Here are presented some good web services for an affordable prize, Please click on the lanners to compare the conditions offerd by the presented web hosting services, and choose the service that best covers your need.

 

Trusted by over 5 million customers. See why!


Fast, Reliable Website Hosting

 

IX Web Hosting

 

 

INKJET CARTRIGES, MEMORY MEDIA AND PRINTER EQUIPMENT

123InkJets: Here you can find inkjet cartridges for  good prizes to most ink printers of most brands, examples: Dataprocess, Datasec, Datatech, Dbtel, DEC, Dell, Detewe, Develop, Dex Bus Systems, E Top, EGT, ENC Electronics, Encad Computer, Epson, Etc Peripherals, F Top, Facit, Fargo, Fujitsu, G Top, GCC, Gestetner Corp, Grundig, GSD Systems, H Top, Hennes Ltd, Hewlett Packard, Houston Instruments, Toshiba, Triumph Adler, V Top, Victor, W Top, Westrex Intl, X Top, Xerox

You also find other accessories like: Laser toner, ribbons, solid ink, blank CD/DVD, scrapbooking and cables

123inkjets - Printer Ink, Toner, and More

 

 

SECURITY SOFTWARE FOR ALL NEEDS

Panda Software security solutions - In this shop private persons and companies find all solutions for their computer and internet security needs, and guidelines for choosing the right product.

Panda Antivirus: Award-winning virus protection

 

 

HOBBY ITEMS OF ALL KINDS

 By clicing at this banner you will find all types of hobby products, like helicopter and aircraft models, boat models, electronics, robotics, chemistry sets, and more .

 

Here is just one example of the many products available:

RC Electric 3 Channel Mini Helicopter

RC Electric 3 Channel Mini Helicopter

The RC Electric 3 Channel 5 Power Mini Helicopter can move Up, Down, Left & Right. The RC Electric 3 Channel 5 Power Mini Helicopter features Proportional Control, Altitude & Rotor Speed Control, Flight Stabilizing System, Lightweight Airframe, and Launch Pad Charging Station. This RC Electric 3 Channel 5 Power Mini Helicopter comes with Charging Station, Brake for Easy Landing and Transmitter. The RC Electric 3 Channel 5 Power Mini Helicopter can fly over 60 feet high. It's time for you to soar in the sky with this great helicopter.


 

CREATE YOUR OWN CLOTHES - with Spreadshirt Designer

Here you can decide patterns, colors, figures and texts for your own clothes by an online interface, and order the clothes you have designed. The shop will send the clothes in 24-48 hours. You can design T-shirts, men's and ladies's longsleeves, jackets, special ladie's wear, trigema, football shirts, shorts, socks, junior's clothes, headwear, underwear and several types of apparel accessories. Design clothes for yourself or as a gift for your friends.

For residents in US, please click at this banner:

Spreadshirt Designer

Residents in UK, please click at this banner:

Spreadshirt Designer

 

 

MENU OF PRODUCT EXAMPLES

Internet and mobile telephone products

Kits for supply of electric power

Amplifier kits

Light organs, psychedelic lights and light effect sets

Sets for measuring and analyses of sounds, light, signals and electric currents

Specific electronic equipment kits of many kinds

Electronic transmitters and transmitter kits

General electronic and laboratory kits to build many things and do many experiments - please scroll down

Metal detectors - please scroll down

Alarm kits and security electronics

Photo, camcorders, video cameras

Desktop and notebook computers

MP3-players and devices with MP3 capabilities

 

 

MENU OF INFORMATION RESOURCES

About semiconductor devices - please scroll down

About transmitters

About resistors, capacitators and inductors, please scroll down

Some important internet services presented

About digital cameras of all kinds

About standards for data-storage media

 

 

SOME EXAMPLES OF GENERAL ELECTRONIC KITS

100-in-1 Snap Circuits Jr. Electronics Lab

100-in-1 Snap Circuits Jr. Electronics Lab

Build over 100 exciting projects and games. Contains over 30, pre-mounted, parts. Just snap together and your done. It is very durable and withstand lots of hard use.




75-in-1 Electronics Project Lab Kit

75-in-1 Electronics Project Lab Kit

Learn the basic principles of electricity/electronics, physics and magnetism. 75 different experiments you can build. Projects include burglar alarm, light dimmer, touch switch and much more. Build an electronic project, identify electronic parts, read schematic diagrams, learn how the electronic project operates. Some of the projects that you can build are resistors in series and parallel, switching circuit, comparator, window comparator, winking LED's strobe light, electronic siren, electronic cat, the chirping bird, machine gun pulse oscillator, soundlight,rain drop, photo variable oscillator, transistor AND Gate Circuit, timer LED, burglar alarm, motion detector, electronic coin toss, water level alarm, photo alarm, electronic organ, first aid siren and many more. This does not require any TOOLS or SOLDERING. These "Electronic Science Labs" will teach you about electronics from A-Z. With these all-in-one labs, you'll learn about electronic parts, how to read schematics, and wiring diagrams. These kits use Spring Method: simply slip pre-cut wires and components into special springs for a safe, secure connection.




500-in-1 Electronics Project Lab Kit

500-in-1 Electronics Project Lab Kit

Learn the basics of electronics and test your knowledge as you create special lighting effects, a radio transmitter and receiver, electronic sound effects, games, and more. Explore amplifiers, analog and digital circuits, and how to read schematic diagrams. This kit includes built-in bredboard for easy wiring and connection of components and an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) indicates the information during the experimenting process, transistors, transformers, diodes, resistors, capacitors, phototransistors, CDs, IC's, speaker, earphone, LED's, LED digit display, a fact-filled, illustrated, lab-style manual and more.





TRONIX 1 Basic Electronics Lab

TRONIX 1 Basic Electronics Lab

This handsome lab is a hands-on lab, and comes to you complete with a beautiful, instructive book, all the necessary parts, and a solderless circuit board to help you perform 35 highly interesting experiments, and learn how the basic components of a circuit work at the same time. Have hours of fun creating all kinds of sound and light displays, and amaze your friends by building all sorts of different circuits - this lab is used in thousands of school the world over. Who knows? You may be on your way to an interesting career in electronics and computers!





300-in-1 Electronics Project Lab Elenco

300-in-1 Electronics Project Lab Elenco

These "Electronic Science Labs" will teach you about electronics from A-Z. With these all-in-one labs, you?ll learn about electronic parts, how to readschematics, and wiring diagrams. These kits use Breadboard and Spring hook-up method: Spring: Simply slip pre-cut wires and components into special springs for a safe, secure connection. Breadboard: Just plug the components and wires into the special breadboard socket holes. Some of the projects include a transmitter radio, multiple counter, rain detector, IC organ, digital light dimmer, voltage drop alarm, burglar alarm, tone burst generator, logic checker, delayed timer audio signal tracer, function generator, electronic game, electronic candle, voltage controlled amplifier, optical volume voice level meter, multiplier, metal detector and may more. NO TOOLS OR SOLDERING REQUIRED!





300 in 1 Snap Circuits Electronics Lab Kit

300 in 1 Snap Circuits Electronics Lab Kit

Build over 300 exciting projects and games. Includes over 60 electronic parts. Build each circuit by snapping them together and your done. This new "snap circuits" make learning electronics a 'snap'. Just follow the colorful pictures in the manual and build over 300 projects, such as: AM radios, burglar alarms, flash lights, doorbells, and much more. You can even play electronic game with your friends. All parts are mounted on plastic modules and snap together easily. Enjoy hours of educational fun while learing about electronics. No tools required.





500 in 1 Snap Circuits Electronics Project Lab

500 in 1 Snap Circuits Electronics Project Lab

Electronic Snap Circuits PRO SC-500 has over 75 parts to build over 500 exciting projects: digital voice recorder, relay buzzer, photo relay, digital-tuned FM radio, AM radio, flashing 7 segment display, screaming fan, whistle switch and more! All parts are mounted on plastic modules and snap together easily. No tools required. Ages 8 & up. Requires 2 "AA" batteries, not included.




 

METAL DETECTOR EXAMPLES

Do you like to explore what you can find underground or in the soil. With a metal detector you can find a lot of valuable or interesting items you would not be aware of elswhere. Here are some of the available metal detectors exhibited.




Land Star Metal Detector by Bounty Hunter

Land Star Metal Detector by Bounty Hunter

Choose between automatic Ground-Trac or variable ground balancing Four Level iron discrimination maximizes relic hunting Digital coin depth indicator tells you how deep to dig Nine segment visual identification and 3 tone audio feedback Advanced microprocessor electronics Multi-function LCD readout & touch pad with target ID & depth readout Selectable notch or auto notch Ground Trac retune Detects coins up to 12 deep This mid-price model boasts more features than other detectors costing far more. Land Star breaks new ground in precision engineering - and ease of use. It uses the unique Bounty D-Tech open-face search-coil for powerful sounding, teamed with advanced microprocessor electronics for accuracy and control. Add to that a large, multi-function LCD readout and intuitive touch pad control, and you've got a metal detector that's equally at home relic-hunting, coin shooting, or gold prospecting. You set the notch to reject the items you choose, or let Land Star Auto Notch do it for you. With three-tone audio discrimination and unique Ground Trac retune, Land Star is a star treasure hunter. In fact, Land Star can detect coins buried up to 12 inches deep! All backed by Bounty Hunter's ironclad five-year limited warranty.





Sharp Shooter II Metal Detector by Bounty Hunter

Sharp Shooter II Metal Detector by Bounty Hunter

Includes a no-motion all metal mode for accurate pinpointing Digital LCD readout Three-tone audio discrimination Selectable auto/manual notch level Automatic ground balance Touch pad selection with variable discrimination controls Nine-segment visual target identification and 3 tone audio feedback Four operating modes LCD battery indicator Treasures that have been missed by generations - and even missed by other detectors - won't escape the penetrating power of Sharp Shooter II. It's a genuine digital LCD-readout metal detector at a surprisingly affordable price. It comes complete with easy-to-use touch pad control, and a versatile interchangeable coil system, utilizing renowned Bounty D-Tech search coils (the 8-inch open-face, waterproof coil comes standard). Sharp Shooter II includes three-tone audio discrimination, enabling the use to hear different finds; selectable auto/manual notch level and automatic ground balance. But the features don't stop there: Sharp Shooter II includes an LCD battery indicator, ergonomic S-rod comfort-grip handle with stand, headphone jack, and built-in speaker. All backed by Bounty Hunter's ironclad five-year limited warranty.





Metal Detector Stereo Headphones by Bounty Hunter

Metal Detector Stereo Headphones by Bounty Hunter

Extends battery life; improves detection Specially designed for use with Bounty Hunter metal detectors Utilizes 14-inch stereo plug compatible with all Bounty Hunter models Designed especially for use with Bounty Hunter metal detectors. The adjustable headphone is small, light weight with true stereo sound. Soft leather earpiece pads surround the ears for a comfortable fit. The extra long 8' cable with volume control provides for easy access and mobility. The headphones feature a 1/3 mini plug along with a/4 adapter for compatibility with most audio electronics.





Quick Draw II Metal Detector by Bounty Hunter

Quick Draw II Metal Detector by Bounty Hunter

Three levels of iron discrimination Digial coin depth indicator tells you how deep to dig Nine segment digital target identification and three tone audio feedback Target ID and depth readout Sensitivity control Full discrimination Auto and variable notch Don't let the affordable price fool you. The Bounty Hunter Quick Draw II metal detector packs in powerful features, like an advanced Zilog Z-86 computer circuit, for superior discrimination and control. Aided by its big, waterproof Bounty D-Tech search coil, Quick Draw II can find coins up to ten inches deep - larger objects up to five feet deep. It can even detect a quarter-inch gold nugget buried under four inches of earth! Quick Draw II features three levels of iron discrimination, enabling the user to tune out small nails and other trash, while still detecting larger relics and collectibles. The unit provides both target ID and depth readout; sensitivity control; full discrimination; auto and variable notch, and a low battery indicator. It comes complete with built-in speaker and headphone jack, and is backed by Bounty Hunter's exclusive five-year limited warranty.





Nylon Metal Detector - Padded Carry Bag by Bounty Hunter

Nylon Metal Detector - Padded Carry Bag by Bounty Hunter

Designed to protect all detectors Made of rugged double-stitched nylon construction Includes handy outside zip-pocket for extra batteries or small accessories Protects your Bounty Hunter metal detector from the elements, while in storage, and in transit. Made of rugged double-stitched nylon construction, custom tailored to accommodate the Bounty Hunter S-rod configuration. Includes handy outside zip-pocket for extra batteries or small accessories, and the bright Bounty Hunter logo emblazoned on the side. A must-have for the active detectorist.





Lone Star Metal Detector by Bounty Hunter

Lone Star Metal Detector by Bounty Hunter

Three operating modes Three tone audio discimination Touch pad Selection along with variable discrimination controls LCD Target Indicator Three Level Iron Adjustment Five segment digital target identification and three tone audio feedback Auto-notch for automatic elimination of undesirable objects Three operating modes for flexibiity in different types of hunting The Lone Star is an advanced technology metal detector, designed for a variety of applications including coin shooting, relic hunting, and general purpose detecting. The unit provides target identification and target depth in an easy to read LCD display. Standard features include a built-in speaker, headphone jack and adjustable aluminum stem with an ergonomic S-Rod handle and armrest. All this is backed by Bounty Hunter's exclusive five-year limited warranty.





MD7012 Discriminator Gold Series Metal Detector from Famous Trails

MD7012 Discriminator Gold Series Metal Detector from Famous Trails

Features 3 distinctive alerts for different types of metals Ferrous/Non-Ferrous discriminator distinguishes iron/steel from silver/gold One-touch auto-tune and very low frequency design for accurate detection View meter and pointer with indicator lights, Ground control tunes out false signals 200 mm waterproof search coil, battery test switch, and 1/8 headphone jack Adjustable metal shaft and arm-supporting handle for comfortable use Requires three 9-Volt batteries (not included)





Tracker IV Metal Detector by Bounty Hunter

Tracker IV Metal Detector by Bounty Hunter

Excellent ground balancing properties for the best reslts in all kinds of soil Three operating modes - Motion all-metals mode Full Discrimination mode to reject iron and trash Tone discimination to provide 2 audio pitches Includes a sensitivity meter, that helps to determine signal strength Built-in speaker & headphone jack Headphone jack with 1/4 plug can be used with most headphones Here's the optimum combination of power, ease of use, and affordability: the Bounty Hunter Tracker IV. Harnessing the power of its fully submersible, 8-inch Bounty D-Tech search coil (and optional, interchangeable, 4-inch coil is available for pinpoint prospecting), it gives the novice and experienced detectorist alike the kind of control that turns into big finds, every time. Tracker IV offers your choice of three different operating modes: Motion All-Metals Mode, in which every metallic element triggers a response; Full Discrimination which automatically rejects iron and most trash items; and Tone Discrimination which provides two different audio pitches, indicating different types of finds. All modes are fully user-adjustable. Tracker IV includes a Sensitivity Meter built-in speaker and headphone jack and battery indicator light. Backed, of course, by Hounty Hunter's olid five-year warranty.




 

 


The priciples behind semiconductor electronic components

A semiconductor is a crystallic compound where the atoms are bound together in a three-dimensional framework, and where the electrons used for bonding are fairly loose, but not so loose that the material normally is conductive.  In the semiconductor cystal used in electronic devices,  there are certain added elements that nornally require less or more chemical bonds than the atoms in the crystal  framework. This makes the crystal conducting nearly like a metal.

In a N-type, the added componenets have more electrons for bonding that the atoms in the crystal lattice. This creates loose electrons that can be used for conduction. If two electrodes are placed on the material, these loose elctrons easily jumps over to the positive electrode, making the crystal positively charged. Then new electrons are attracted from the negative electrode into the crystal.

In a P-type semiconductor the added components have fewer electrons for bonds that the atoms of the crystal lattice.  Then the lattice will get holes where extra electrons can fit in. If two electrodes are placed on this material, electrons will easily be pushed from the negative elecrode into the crystal lattice. This makes the lattice negatively charged. Electrons will then be pulled out again at the positive electrode.

If you make a crystal with a N-part and a P-part or set two such crystals firmly against each other, and apply electrodes at both sides, the effects will be different according to which electrode is positive and which negative.

If the negative electrode is at the P-part, and the positive at the N-part, this will happen: The negative electrode will push electrones into the P-part, since the P-part has ready locations where the electrons can fit in. The positive electrode will drain electrones form the N-part, since there are  loose electrons in the N-part. This makes the P-part negative and the N-part positive. Then there will also be a stream of electrons across the junction between the P-part and tha N-part, since the N-part now is positively charged, and the P-part now has a negative charge. A curent will thus occure in the whole surcuit.

If the negative electrode is at the N-part, and the positive at the P-part, this will happen: The negative electrode will not manage to push electrones into the n-part, since the N-part allready is full of loose electrons. The positive electrode will not manage to drain electrones form the P-part, since there are not any loose electrons here. There will be no stream of electrons across the junction between the n-part and tha P-part, since neither the N-part, nor the P-part has any charge that can give a frose to push electrons over the PN-junction. No corrent will thus occure.

The ability of a PN-combination of letting current through in one directiuon and letting current pass in the other direction is the basis for all electronic components. A component simply consisting of of a combination of a P-type semiconductor materila and a N-type semiconductor material, is called a diode. A diode is simply a semiconductor rectifier.

A transistor is a semiconductor device consisting of three layers that can be connected to two circuits and arranged in such a way that the current or voltage in one of the circuits will control the current in the other circuit.

A bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is a type of transistor consisting of a P-layer with a N-layer on both sides, or a N-layer with a P-layer on poths sides, called respectively PMP-transistors or NPN-transistors. If you connect a circuit acrosse all three layers layers, and another curcuit across one other outer layer and the mid layer, you can regulate the ability of the transistor to conduct current in the circuit across the three layers by variating the direction and intensity of the voltage and thus current applied in the last circuit across two layers.

Without any voltage and current applied through the mid layer and one of the outer layers, the device will not lead current, since the current must pass either a np-junction or a pn-junction, and one of these will not lead the current.

In a pnp-transistor, a positive voltage appied at the mid layer in the circuit across the mid and one outer layer, will drain electrons out of this layer, and make it a leader. Then the transistor vil act like a diode for the circuit applied across all the three layers.

In a npn-transistor, a negative voltage applied at the mid layer will introduce electrons into the lattice, and make it a leader, and the transistor vill behave like a diode for the circuit applied across all the three layers.

By using four or more layers, it is possible to make semiconductor devices with more complicated functions, like for example a thyristor consisting of four leyers of different types.

There are many materials that transistor crystals are made from, for example Semiconductor material: germanium, silicon, gallium arsenide, silicon carbide.