The My Delta Pi webstore
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The My Delta Pi webstore
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Microscopes for professional and hobby use - other hobby items
Welcome to this online presentation of quality microscopes to be used for professional applications, education and hobby works. Please click on a link to learn more or to buy. You will also find many more microscopes and otical instruments to select from by clicking at the links than those here presented.
A microscope can be used by everyone for both pure entertainment, more serious hobby use, for education and for professional use. If you have not seen through a microscope yet, it is a good idea to get one, and make it a habit to look at all kinds of things through the microscope. You will be amazed about the living creatures and other objects you can see through this device. Even a simple and cheap microscope gives a good magnification and a clear view of small objects. A more expensive microscope however, gives a somewhat better picture, gives you the opportunity to make more types of arrangements to look at, makes is possible to look at more types of objects, are more robust, and are ergonomically better.
Even though some of the presented microscopes are denoted "research microscopes" the prizes are not greater than they can be purchased also for hobby use. To use a microscope is not complicated, and does not require a lot of education in advance. A microscope is also a fairly robust device, even though the lenses need to be handled cautiously and held cleen.
A good idea is to purchase a microscope of high quality and make it available to use for the whole family. Then begin using it yourself to look at all kinds of things in your familiar life and things you find going around in the world, and show the things you see to your spose and children also. Soon the whole family has a hobby that will give a lot of entertainment and also serve as a valuable educational tool.
To see more microscopes, please click
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MICROSCOPES - By clicking at any product link you get into as store where you can browse for many more products
Here are presented microscopes of diverse sofistication and prize. They range in magnification power from around 10x to 1200x. Most of them can shift magification power. What type of miicroscope you need depend upon the things you want to look at. If you want to study details that you can see without any aid, but with difficulty, you need an istrument that ranges from 20 to 100x. Very small insects, worms and mites can be studied best within this range of magnification.
If you want to look at details that are just under the size that you can spot only with your eyes, an instrument that ranges from 100 to 400 is needed, for example most monocellular organisms. If you want to look at very small objects, like bacteria, from 400 to 1200 is needed. You can spot bacteria with only 100x magnification, but they will only look like points.
The most expensive instruments give you a range of
magnification from 50 to 1200. In either case, the magification should be so that
you get an overview of the object, but also see details. A too high
magnification will not give the necessarey over-view. A too small magification
will not give you the details or shape.
HOBBY AND PROFESSIONAL EQUIPMENT OF MANY KINDS
General hobby store - RC models. Great stocks of robots, electronics and airsoft guns
Two very comprehensive store of RC models of all types
This is a great store of nitro and electric driven aircraft models.
General collection of high performance nitro and
elecric rc model cars
.
Perhaps the biggest collection of RC model helicopters on the net.
RC model racing offroad cars
Here you can see one of the many exciting hobby products
Create your own clothes
- with Spreadshirt DesignerHere you can decide patterns, colors, figures and texts for your own clothes by an online interface, and order the clothes you have designed. The shop will send the clothes in 24-48 hours. You can design T-shirts, men's and ladies's longsleeves, jackets, special ladie's wear, trigema, football shirts, shorts, socks, junior's clothes, headwear, underwear and several types of apparel accessories. Design clothes for yourself or as a gift for your friends.
For residents in US, please click at this banner:
Residents in UK, please click at this banner:
CAR EQUIPMENT
Parts for the driving mechanism, performance upgrades, technical equipment
Through the banner below you will find all types of techical parts for mending your car, styling your car, or increase the power of your car: Motor, transmission, lights, brakes, fuel system, exhaust systems, locks, electric parts, etc.
Interior and exterior equipment for your car, styling parts, car electronics, GPS navigation. Also performance upgrades.
By clicking at the banner below, you will find a great collection of styling parts, comodities for your car, or comodities to bring with you on tours. You will also find car audio and video, GPS navigation tools and communication electronics.
Comodities for your car and useful on journeys
By clicking at this banner, you will find a huge collection of commodities for your car or to bring with you on your journeys, like electronic equipment, luggage bags, security items, navigation units, workshop tools and a lot more. Also technical equipment.
Workshop tools, navigation equipment, car electronics
This banner brings you into a superstore where you can find a lot of tools of any kind for car works, navigation equipment and other vehicle electronics. You can also find a huge variety of other types of products, like houshold comodities, garden tools, herbs and herbal preparation.
OTHER OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS FOR HOBBY USE AND THE PROFESSIONAL SCIENTIST
To find telescopes for hobby use and the professional scientist,
please click here.
To find binoculars and monoculars for day and night vision, binocular and
monocular cameras for day and night vision,
please click here.
INFORMATION ABOUT MICROSCOPY
Microscopy definitions
Convexe: Somethings that is thickest at the mid part and get thinner towards the periferiy. A convexe lense gathers the light at a point. A convexe linse is magnifying an image. A convexe mirror on the other hand is decreasing the size of the picture. This is because a convexe mirror spreads light. The lenses in a microscope are mostly convexe.
Concave: Something that is thickest or highest at the perifery and gets thinner or slopes inwards towards the mid. A concave lense spreads the light. A concave mirror projects the light at a point. A concave lense is minimizing a picture, while a concave mirror is making the image greater. Concave lenses are not used much in a microscope, but can be used to some extend to correct image distortion and improve the quality of the image.
Condenser: A device consisting of one or more lenses that concentrates the light from the illuminator on the object.
Cross-board: A mechanical device integrated in the stage that allows you to ajust the position of the object in two dimensions with a couple of high precision screws. Usually a microscope is sold without a cross-board and the cross-board is purchased as a separate device.
Diaphragm or iris: This device regulates the strength of the light to the object by letting the light go through a bigger or smaller hole.
Illuminator: A device to light up the object. It can be a simple concave mirror that reflects and concentrates the light in the object. It can also be an elctric lamp directed at the object. The illuminator is mostly placed under the stage and directs the light through a transparent part or hole in the stage. However, for objects that are not transparent for light, the illuminator can be placed over the stage and directing its light down on the stage. For very special purposes, the light is directed down through the objective.
Mechanical stage: The same as a cross-board.
Object: The thing to be viewed.
Objective: The first optical unit in a microscope that the image passes through.
Ocular or Eye-piece: The unit in a telescope nearest to the eye of the observer.
Rack stop: This is a precision screwing device that is used to regulate the distance between the object and the objective to get right focus. Some rackstops elevate or descend the stage to do this, and others heighten or lower the main part of the microscope with the objective and ocular. The rack-stop often has two screws, one for grand positioning and another for high precition positioning.
Refraction: When light is directed at an angle to a junction between two materials, the light beam changes direction at that junction. Such a junction can be between air and glass or water and glass or two glass types. Rrphraction follows a law saying: Sine of incomming angle to the junction/sine of outgoing angle from the junction = konstant. The konstant is called the refractive index and it is constant for each pair of materials. Rifraction occurs because the speed of light is different in the two media. Lenses can be used to magnify or minimize an image because of the refraction occuring when light goes in and out or the lense.
Slide: A glass plate upon which one lays the object. Over the object there is usually placed another thin glass plate to hold the object firmly in place and to protect the objective from contamination.
Stage: The board under the objective at which you lay the object to be viewed.
Types of microscopes
Odinary visible light microsope: The ordinary microscope is usually only called microsope. It uses visible light to illuminate the object and the image of the object is enhanced by letting the light from the object pass first an assambly of lenses called the objective and then another assambly of lenses called ocular. This type of microsope cannot discern points in an image that are smaller than the wavelengthe of visible light. That limits the magification possible for such a microsope to around 1500 times. Such microscopes are made with magnifications from 20 to 1000 times. They are seldome made with greater magification than 1000 times because the pictures of greater magnifications will get bad quality.
Some microscopes have an electronic camera over the ocular so that the image can be viewed at a greater screen on the microsope itself or on a PC. Some microsopes do not have an ocular, but let the digital camera and the electronics and software do the further magnification of the picture from the objective. By using a camera and a screen you can make big pictures from the microsope, but the pictures will not show details smaller than the wavelength of the light.
Electron-microscope: This sort of microscope uses electron beams instead of light. The lenses are magnetic fields made by magnets around the electron path through the objective and the ocular. Since it is not possible to see an electrone beam, the beam is directed from the magnetic ocular to a fluorescent screen, and the magnified picture is seen at the screen. The electron path must be void of air, therefore the object viewed must also recide in an air-less space. Therefore things viewed cannot be living any more, and they must be prepared to be very thin and dried. An electron microscope can make very great magifications, up to many million times. It has been possible to see atoms with the strongest electrone microscopes.
Stereo-microscope: A binocular microscope that gives a stereoscopic view. To achieve this, it can have two oculars and two objectives that focus on the object at an angle. It can also have one objective with a great lense through which two oculars resceive an image focused at an angle to the object.
Scanning electron microscope: Here magnetic optics condenses an electron beam to be very thin. Electromagnets then scan the beam over the object line by line. At each point in each line the interaction between the beam and the point is measured. For example can the microscope measure the reflected electron intensity or the reflection angle, or some other effects of the beam hitting the object. The measured interaction is used to build up a picture, either by analog electronics so that the picture is viewed directly on a screem or by digital computation, so that the picture is stored first in a digital memory.
One can also use a scanning electron microscop to measure electromagnetic features, and thereby physical or chemical features of each point of the object.
Scanning probe microscope (SPM): This type of microscope does not use optics in the usual sense for magnification. A very fine probe of some kind is scanned line by line over the object. A very thin beam or field of some kind is sent from the probe at the object, or the probe touches the object. At each point in each line the reflected response from the object is measured, or the respons is measured in other ways.
According to the strength and the nature of the response at each point, the microscope constructs a picture of the object, either by direct analog electronics on a scrren, or by digital computation. There are many types of scanning probe microscopes, according to what type of probes are used. It is also possible to combine different types of interactions between the probe and the object to be measured.
SPM - Atomic force microscope: In this type the tip of a mechanic centilever is swept over the object line by line. The mechanic deflection of the centilever is measured at each point, usually by a laser beam directed upon the centilever and reflected to an array of fotodiodes.
SPM - Electric force microscope: The microscope scans a magnetic probe line by line over the object and measures the electric field or force at each pixel, and from this information builds up a picture.
SPM - Magnetic force microscope: - The microscope scans a magnetic probe line by line over the object and measures the magnetic interaction between the probe and each pixel, and from this information builds up a picture.
SPM - Near field scanning optical microscope: - Here Light passes through a aperture in the probe with a diameter less than the light wave-length, and illuminates the sample at a distance much less than the wavelength of the light. The probe is scanned line by line over the object and the microsopes measures the reflected light at each pixel to build up a picture.
SPM - Scanning tunnelling microscope: This microscope scans a small electric electrode with some voltage line by line over the object. The current between the probe and the object is measured at each point, and a picture is built up from this information.
Ultra-microscope: This is not the same as an ultraviolet microscope, but ultraviolet microscopes can be used as ultra-microscopes. An ultra-microscope is not different from an ordinary microscope optically. The difference lies in the illumination of the object. The object must be a liquid or a gas, and under the object there is a black background. The object is illuminated brightly from the side. This make very small objects in the liquid or gas flash up, and they can be seen through the microscope as bright spots. This type of microscope is used to study the movement of very small particles suspended in a liquid and a gas, particles too small to be seen with an ordinary arrangement.
For example is it possible to clearly see Brownian movements through such a microscope that have the origine from thermic movements of the solvent molecules where chance make the solvent molecules push more in one diection than in the others at every point in time.
Ultraviolet-microscope: Because of the long wavelength of ordinary light, a magification greater that ca 1500 times is impossible to obtain. By using Ultraviolet light that has a much shorter wavelength, much greater magification can be obtained. Ordinary glass does not transmit ultraviolet light, and the human eye cannot detect this kind of light. Therefore the optics of this kind of microsope must be made of quarts or fluorite, or aluminium mirrors must be used. Also the picture must be projected towards a fluorescent screen to be seen.